文章撰寫：Jack Hsu / 奧登資訊技術顧問
介紹：
Oracle 雲數據庫的自動化備份功能確實方便，它允許用戶輕鬆地進行數據備份。備份存儲在 Oracle 管理的存儲桶中，這樣做的好處是簡化了備份的管理和存取，但這也意味著，如果需要將備份數據轉移到不同的主機或可用性域，可能需要額外的步驟來導出和導入數據。
要將數據庫恢復到另一個可用性域、OCI 區域或本地，則需要訪問備份文件所在的對象存儲桶。為此，您可以使用以下命令將自己的 RMAN 備份創建到用戶定義的對象存儲桶中：
要將 Oracle 數據庫的 RMAN 備份創建到用戶定義的對象存儲桶中，您可以使用 Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) 的 BACKUP 命令。
環境：
Role | hostname | Unique name | DB name | IP |
BackUp | lkkcdb01 | SMC_nrt1j6 | SMC |
|
Restore | lkkcdb02 | SMC_new | SMC |
|
在 Oracle Cloud 中，在虛擬機上使用數據庫雲服務標準版，版本 19.12.0.0.0
對於新主機，我在Oracle Cloud中使用計算 DBCS, 版本 Oracle Database 19.16.0.0
用戶定義的名為SMCDB_Backup的標準對象存儲桶。
目標主機必須對備份所在的 Oracle Cloud 區域中的對象存儲具有網絡訪問權限。
第1步— 安裝Oracle 數據庫雲備份模組
下載opc_installer.zip 文件並將其解壓縮到用戶定義的目錄中，例如 /home/oracle：
mkdir /home/oracle/lib ; cd /home/oracle/ ;unzip opc_installer.zip ; cd /home/oracle/opc_installer/opc_installer/ SMCDB ENV: [oracle@lkkcdb01clone SMC_nrt1j6]$ java -jar opc_install.jar -opcId oracleidentitycloudservice/UCCU -opcPass '****************' -container SMCDB_Backup -walletDir ~/hsbtwallet/ -libDir ~/lib/ -configfile ~/config -host https://swiftobjectstorage.ap-tokyo-1.oraclecloud.com/v1/Monkey38
Oracle Database Cloud Backup Module Install Tool, build MAIN_2021-05-10 Oracle Database Cloud Backup Module credentials are valid. Backups would be sent to container SMCDB_Backup. Oracle Database Cloud Backup Module wallet created in directory /home/oracle/hsbtwallet. Oracle Database Cloud Backup Module initialization file /home/oracle/config created. Downloading Oracle Database Cloud Backup Module Software Library from Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. Download complete. |
檢查配置文件：
[oracle@lkkcdb01 ~]$ cat /home/oracle/config OPC_HOST=https://swiftobjectstorage.ap-tokyo-1.oraclecloud.com/v1/Monkey38 OPC_WALLET='LOCATION=file:/home/oracle/hsbtwallet CREDENTIAL_ALIAS=alias_opc' OPC_CONTAINER=SMCDB_Backup [oracle@lkkcdb01 ~]$ |
第2步— 創建手動 RMAN 備份
使用步驟 1 中的備份模組將 RMAN 備份創建到用戶定義的對象存儲桶中：
rman target / RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=/home/oracle/lib/libopc.so, SBT_PARMS=(OPC_PFILE=/home/oracle/config)'; RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO SBT_TAPE; RMAN> CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON; RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE TO '%F'; RMAN> CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE ON;
-- to backup all datafiles including the ones for pdb$seed SQL> select file# from v$datafile ; RMAN> run { allocate channel c1 device type sbt PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=/home/oracle/lib/libopc.so, SBT_PARMS=(OPC_PFILE=/home/oracle/config)'; backup database; } allocated channel: c1 channel c1: SID=168 device type=SBT_TAPE channel c1: Oracle Database Backup Service Library VER=19.0.0.1 Starting backup at 18-JUL-22 channel c1: starting full datafile backup set channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/DATAFILE/system.260.1110363249 input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/DATAFILE/sysaux.261.1110363293 input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/DATAFILE/undotbs1.262.1110363319 input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/DATAFILE/users.273.1110364253 channel c1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUL-22 channel c1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUL-22 piece handle=0212tp2v_2_1_1 tag=TAG20220718T115615 comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 19.0.0.1 channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45 channel c1: starting full datafile backup set channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/E412CC2C16A52B47E053BA00000A7C89/DATAFILE/sysaux.270.1110364277 input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/E412CC2C16A52B47E053BA00000A7C89/DATAFILE/system.275.1110364265 input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/E412CC2C16A52B47E053BA00000A7C89/DATAFILE/undotbs1.271.1110364285 input datafile file number=00012 name=+DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/E412CC2C16A52B47E053BA00000A7C89/DATAFILE/users.274.1110364253 channel c1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUL-22 channel c1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUL-22 piece handle=0312tp4d_3_1_1 tag=TAG20220718T115615 comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 19.0.0.1 channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25 channel c1: starting full datafile backup set channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/DDF858C102660237E0536803640A5366/DATAFILE/sysaux.265.1110363409 input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/DDF858C102660237E0536803640A5366/DATAFILE/system.264.1110363409 input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/DDF858C102660237E0536803640A5366/DATAFILE/undotbs1.266.1110363409 channel c1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUL-22 channel c1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUL-22 piece handle=0412tp56_4_1_1 tag=TAG20220718T115615 comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 19.0.0.1 channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25 Finished backup at 18-JUL-22
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JUL-22 piece handle=c-3284396568-20220718-01 comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 19.0.0.1 Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JUL-22 released channel: c1 RMAN> run { allocate channel c1 device type sbt PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=/home/oracle/lib/libopc.so, SBT_PARMS=(OPC_PFILE=/home/oracle/config)'; backup archivelog all; }
RMAN> 2> 3> 4> allocated channel: c1 channel c1: SID=168 device type=SBT_TAPE channel c1: Oracle Database Backup Service Library VER=19.0.0.1
Starting backup at 18-JUL-22 current log archived channel c1: starting archived log backup set channel c1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=1 STAMP=1110364173 input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=2 STAMP=1110369504 channel c1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUL-22 channel c1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUL-22 piece handle=0612tp70_6_1_1 tag=TAG20220718T115824 comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 19.0.0.1 channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25 Finished backup at 18-JUL-22
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JUL-22 piece handle=c-3284396568-20220718-02 comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 19.0.0.1 Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JUL-22 released channel: c1
RMAN> |
第3步— 將 TDE 錢包文件從雲端複製到目標主機
將錢包文件複製到目標主機：
mkdir -p /home/oracle/lkkcdb04/tdewallet/tde/
scp -p /opt/oracle/dcs/commonstore/wallets/tde/SMC_nrt1j6/*wallet.* \ oracle@10.0.0.101:/home/oracle/lkkcdb04/tdewallet/tde/ |
第4步— 在目標主機上安裝 Oracle 數據庫雲備份模組
下載opc_installer.zip 文件並將其解壓縮到用戶定義的目錄中，例如 /home/oracle：
mkdir /home/oracle/hsbtwallet /home/oracle/lib cd /home/oracle/ unzip opc_installer.zip cd /home/oracle/opc_installer/opc_installer/
#replace the values according to your environment java -jar opc_install.jar -opcId 'sinan.petrus.toma@oracle.com' -opcPass '********' -container backup1911_bucket \ -walletDir ~/hsbtwallet/ -libDir ~/lib/ -configfile ~/config -host \ https://swiftobjectstorage.eu-frankfurt-1.oraclecloud.com/v1/oci_core_emea_od_kasher
Oracle Database Cloud Backup Module wallet created in directory /home/oracle/hsbtwallet. Oracle Database Cloud Backup Module initialization file /home/oracle/config created. Downloading Oracle Database Cloud Backup Module Software Library from file opc_linux64.zip. Download complete. |
第5步— 在目標主機上定義 TDE 錢包(wallet)位置
設置 TDE 錢包位置：oracle@10.0.0.101:/home/oracle/lkkcdb04/tdewallet/tde/
#set the environment variables export ORACLE_SID=SMC export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/
#create a dummy pfile with the following content: vi /home/oracle/dummy.ora db_name=SMC wallet_root=/home/oracle/lkkcdb04/tdewallet/ tde_configuration='KEYSTORE_CONFIGURATION=FILE'
alter system set wallet_root='/home/oracle/lkkcdb04/tdewallet/' scope=spfile ; alter system set tde_configuration='KEYSTORE_CONFIGURATION=FILE' scope=spfile ;
alter system set WALLET_ROOT='/home/oracle/lkkcdb04/tdewallet/' scope=spfile ; startup force nomount;
alter system set tde_configuration='KEYSTORE_CONFIGURATION=FILE' scope=spfile ; startup force nomount;
sqlplus / as sysdba, Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/home/oracle/dummy.ora'; ORACLE instance started. |
第6步— 恢復 spfile
將 spifle 恢復為 pfile：
rman target /
RMAN> set dbid 3284396568 ; executing command: SET DBID
RMAN> run { allocate channel c1 device type sbt PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=/home/oracle/lib/libopc.so, SBT_PARMS=(OPC_PFILE=/home/oracle/config)'; RESTORE SPFILE TO PFILE '/home/oracle/lkkcdb04/pfile.ora' FROM AUTOBACKUP; }
n Run … RMAN> run { allocate channel c1 device type sbt PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=/home/oracle/lib/libopc.so, SBT_PARMS=(OPC_PFILE=/home/oracle/config)'; RESTORE SPFILE TO PFILE '/home/oracle/lkkcdb04/pfile.ora' FROM AUTOBACKUP; }
RMAN> 2> 3> 4> using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: c1 channel c1: SID=13 device type=SBT_TAPE channel c1: Oracle Database Backup Service Library VER=19.0.0.1
Starting restore at 19-JUL-22
channel c1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20220719 channel c1: AUTOBACKUP found: c-3284396568-20220719-01 channel c1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP c-3284396568-20220719-01 channel c1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete Finished restore at 19-JUL-22 released channel: c1
RMAN> |
編輯 pfile.ora 以反映目標主機的目錄結構，更改控製文件、數據文件、恢復文件、在線重做日誌和審計文件的位置。
#add the wallet_root and tde_configuration parameter *.wallet_root=/home/oracle/lkkcdb04/tdewallet/ *.tde_configuration='KEYSTORE_CONFIGURATION=FILE' |
從 pfile 創建 spfile 並重新啟動數據庫實例：
SQL> create spfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/spfileSMC.ora' from pfile='/home/oracle/lkkcdb04/pfile.ora'; File created.
SQL> startup force nomount; Oracle instance started |
第7步：恢復控製文件 controlfile
從 Cloud Object Storage 恢復 controle 文件並掛載數據庫：
RMAN> set dbid 3284396568 ; executing command: SET DBID
RMAN> run { allocate channel c1 device type sbt PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=/home/oracle/lib/libopc.so, SBT_PARMS=(OPC_PFILE=/home/oracle/config)'; restore controlfile from autobackup; } using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: c1 channel c1: SID=12 device type=SBT_TAPE channel c1: Oracle Database Backup Service Library VER=19.0.0.1
Starting restore at 19-JUL-22 channel c1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20220719 channel c1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20220718 channel c1: AUTOBACKUP found: c-3284396568-20220718-02 channel c1: restoring control file from AUTOBACKUP c-3284396568-20220718-02 channel c1: control file restore from AUTOBACKUP complete output file name=+RECO/SMC_NRT1J6/CONTROLFILE/current.264.1110449775 Finished restore at 19-JUL-22 released channel: c1
RMAN> alter database mount; Statement processed |
第8步— 還原RESTORE 和 恢復recover 數據庫
從 Cloud Object Storage 還原和恢復數據庫文件並打開數據庫：
8.1 還原 RESTORE 數據庫
RMAN> run { allocate channel c1 device type sbt PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=/home/oracle/lib/libopc.so, SBT_PARMS=(OPC_PFILE=/home/oracle/config)'; RESTORE database; } RMAN> 2> 3> 4> allocated channel: c1 channel c1: SID=330 device type=SBT_TAPE channel c1: Oracle Database Backup Service Library VER=19.0.0.1 Starting restore at 19-JUL-22 Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 19-JUL-22 Crosschecked 1 objects Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 19-JUL-22 Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 19-JUL-22 Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 19-JUL-22 searching for all files in the recovery area cataloging files...cataloging done List of Cataloged Files ======================= File Name: +RECO/SMC_CHUNCHEON/ARCHIVELOG/2022_07_19/thread_1_seq_1.260.1110426165 new media label is "swiftobjectstorage....com/v1/nrvjhlhyjdwx/SMCDB_Backup_Chuncheon" for piece "0812vnig_8_1_1" new media label is "swiftobjectstorage....com/v1/nrvjhlhyjdwx/SMCDB_Backup_Chuncheon" for piece "0a12vnkn_10_1_1" new media label is "swiftobjectstorage....com/v1/nrvjhlhyjdwx/SMCDB_Backup_Chuncheon" for piece "0912vnjt_9_1_1" channel c1: starting datafile backup set restore channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel c1: restoring datafile 00001 to +DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/DATAFILE/system.260.1110363249 channel c1: restoring datafile 00003 to +DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/DATAFILE/sysaux.261.1110363293 channel c1: restoring datafile 00004 to +DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/DATAFILE/undotbs1.262.1110363319 channel c1: restoring datafile 00011 to +DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/DATAFILE/users.273.1110364253 channel c1: reading from backup piece 0812vnig_8_1_1 channel c1: piece handle=0812vnig_8_1_1 tag=TAG20220719T054240 channel c1: restored backup piece 1 channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25 channel c1: starting datafile backup set restore channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel c1: restoring datafile 00008 to +DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/E412CC2C16A52B47E053BA00000A7C89/DATAFILE/system.275.1110364265 channel c1: restoring datafile 00009 to +DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/E412CC2C16A52B47E053BA00000A7C89/DATAFILE/sysaux.270.1110364277 channel c1: restoring datafile 00010 to +DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/E412CC2C16A52B47E053BA00000A7C89/DATAFILE/undotbs1.271.1110364285 channel c1: restoring datafile 00012 to +DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/E412CC2C16A52B47E053BA00000A7C89/DATAFILE/users.274.1110364253 channel c1: reading from backup piece 0912vnjt_9_1_1 channel c1: piece handle=0912vnjt_9_1_1 tag=TAG20220719T054240 channel c1: restored backup piece 1 channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 channel c1: starting datafile backup set restore channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel c1: restoring datafile 00005 to +DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/DDF858C102660237E0536803640A5366/DATAFILE/system.264.1110363409 channel c1: restoring datafile 00006 to +DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/DDF858C102660237E0536803640A5366/DATAFILE/sysaux.265.1110363409 channel c1: restoring datafile 00007 to +DATA/SMC_NRT1J6/DDF858C102660237E0536803640A5366/DATAFILE/undotbs1.266.1110363409 channel c1: reading from backup piece 0a12vnkn_10_1_1 channel c1: piece handle=0a12vnkn_10_1_1 tag=TAG20220719T054240 channel c1: restored backup piece 1 channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 Finished restore at 19-JUL-22 released channel: c1 |
8.2 恢復recover 數據庫
RMAN>run { allocate channel c1 device type sbt PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=/home/oracle/lib/libopc.so, SBT_PARMS=(OPC_PFILE=/home/oracle/config)'; recover database until available redo; }
RMAN> allocated channel: c1 channel c1: SID=330 device type=SBT_TAPE channel c1: Oracle Database Backup Service Library VER=19.0.0.1 Starting recover at 19-JUL-22 starting media recovery new media label is "swiftobjectstorage....com/v1/nrvjhlhyjdwx/SMCDB_Backup_Chuncheon" for piece "0c12vnls_12_1_1" channel c1: starting archived log restore to default destination channel c1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=3 channel c1: reading from backup piece 0c12vnls_12_1_1 channel c1: piece handle=0c12vnls_12_1_1 tag=TAG20220719T054428 channel c1: restored backup piece 1 channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07 archived log file name=+RECO/SMC_CHUNCHEON/ARCHIVELOG/2022_07_19/thread_1_seq_3.263.1110437883 thread=1 sequence=3 channel default: deleting archived log(s) archived log file name=+RECO/SMC_CHUNCHEON/ARCHIVELOG/2022_07_19/thread_1_seq_3.263.1110437883 RECID=4 STAMP=1110437885 warning: attempt media recovery until thread 1, sequence 4 Finished recover at 19-JUL-22 released channel: c1 RMAN> |
8.3 打開(OPEN)數據庫：
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs; Statement processed |
➤ 資料庫開啟成功
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